Football fans have marched to the Premier League headquarters to protest about rising ticket prices. But which clubs are the most expensive and which are the cheapest?
• Get the data
• More data journalism and data visualisations from the Guardian

Despite being the most lucrative league in the world already, the Premier league has yet again seen an average rise of season ticket prices this year.

Today, football fans have marched to the Premier League headquarters to protest about rising ticket prices. Guardian Sport has asked: 'would you stop attending football matches because of rising ticket prices?'

Last year, the Guardian collected data into the pricing of tickets around the top European leagues with the average season ticket in the Premier league being more expensive than the Bundesliga and La Liga with only the Italian, Serie A, being more expensive, although corporate and VIP tickets were included in their general pricing, making it difficult to have a fair comparison.

Despite an 8% rise of their cheapest available season ticket, Manchester City can boast the best monetary value for football, with a season at the Etihad available for £299.

Arsenal have both the most expensive season ticket in the Premier league and the highest 'lowest priced' season ticket, making them the most expensive team to watch in the UK.

Out of the newly promoted sides, research also shows that Crystal Palace are cashing in on their new top flight status. Both their cheapest and most expensive season tickets have been increased by just under 20%.

Hull City's most expensive and cheapest priced season tickets have the smallest price difference out of all the teams in the league as they hope to project a 25% increase in crowds over last year in the Championship.

Manchester United, Arsenal and Chelsea have all frozen season ticket prices for the 2013/14 season.

But what about matchday tickets? At £15 for their cheapest, Newcastle can boast the lowest price. Hull City, West Bromwich Albion, Aston Villa and Fulham all charge £20 for their cheapest tickets. At £41, Chelsea are the most expensive of the 'cheapest' matchday tickets. Data was not available for Crystal Palace and Cardiff City.

At £126 a pop, Arsenal charge by far the highest price for their 'most expensive' matchday tickets. Chelsea follow in second place at £87. Hull City in comparison will only set you back £30.

All the prices for the Premier League 2013/14 clubs can be seen in the table below. Would a rise in price of your team's ticket prices put you off attending matches? We'd love to read your views in the comments below.

Download the data

• DATA: download the full spreadsheet

More open data

Data journalism and data visualisations from the Guardian

Development and aid data

• Search the world's global development data with our gateway

Can you do more with this data?

• Contact us at data@guardian.co.uk

• Follow us on Twitter
• Like us on Facebook

• Premier League
• Manchester City
• Arsenal
• Crystal Palace
• Hull City
• Manchester United
• Chelsea
• Ticket prices
• West Bromwich Albion

guardian.co.uk © 2013 Guardian News and Media Limited or its affiliated companies. All rights reserved. | Use of this content is subject to our Terms & Conditions | More Feeds

More than 45.1 million people were displaced last year, the largest number since 1994 according to the latest UNHCR report. Find out where refugees come from - and where they go
• Get the data
• More data journalism and data visualisations from the Guardian

The total number of people forcibly displayed worldwide has reached 45.2m people, the highest level in almost 20 years, according to a report published today by the UN's High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR).

The annual 'Global Trends' report shows that as of the end of 2012, more than 45.2m people were forcibly displaced compared with 42.5m at the end of 2011. Mark Tran writes today:

The world is in the throes of its most serious refugee crisis for almost 20 years, as conflicts in Syria, Democratic Republic of the Congo and Mali have forced tens of thousands of people to flee their homes, the UN's refugee agency has said.

In its global trends report (pdf), UNHCR said more than 45.1 million people were displaced last year, the largest number since 1994. This includes 15.4 million refugees, 937,000 asylum seekers, and 28.8 million internally displaced people (IDPs) – those forced to find refuge within the borders of their own countries.

Around 35.8m persons were of concern to the UNHCR by end 2012, the second highest number on record, according to their latest report. The highest figure since 1993, when recording keeping began, was in 2009 with 36.5m persons of concern.

Collectively referred to as "persons of concern", the term used by the UNHCR includes refugees, asylum-seekers,returnees, stateless persons and certain groups of internally displaced persons (IDPs).

The Syrian crisis has also been highlighted in the report as "a major new factor in global displacement". 55% of refugees listed in the report come from five countries affected by war; Afghanistan, Somalia, Iraq, Syria and Sudan.

According to the UNHCR report conflict in Syria has "forced 647,000 people to flee mainly to neighbouring countries. This was the largest annual exodus by a single refugee group since 1999, when more than 867,000 people fled Kosovo."

The number of IDPs is at the highest level in more than 20 years, with the war in Syria leading to 4.25m Syrians being internally displaced.

A worrying trend which the release discusses is the rate at which people are being forced into situations of displacement. Data for 2012 shows that 7.6m people became newly displaced, 1.1m as refugees and 6.5 as IDPs. This translates to a new refugee or IDP every 4.1 seconds, according to the UNHCR.

Afghanistan continues to be the main source country of refugees with 2.6m by the end of 2012. Whilst Pakistan is host to 1.6m refugees, the largest number worldwide. Iran has the second largest number of refugees with 868,200.

According to UNHCR, one in four refugees is Afghan. 95% of Afghan refugees are located in neighbouring countries, Pakistan or Iran. Somalia was the second largest country of origin for refugees in 2012.

The UNHCR state that in the last year, 23,000 people per day were forced to leave their homes due to conflict and persecution. Developing countries host more than 80% of the world's refugees

21,300 individual asylum applications were lodged by unaccompanied or separated children throughout 72 countries in 2012 - this is the the highest number on record since UNHCR started collecting such data in 2006.

So, what else does the report tell us?

• Pakistan hosted the largest number of refugees in relation to the size of its economy with 552 refugees per $1 of GDP (PPP) per capita. Ethiopia and Kenya came in second and third in the report

• 48% of the refugee population in 2012 were female

• Children below 18 years constituted 46% of the refugee population in 2012

• Afghanistan, Iraq and Somalia were the three major source countries of refugees in 2012

• The US was the world's largest recipient of new individual asylum applications, followed by Germany (64,500), South Africa (61,500), and France (55,100)

The table below shows which countries host the most refugees and where they come from. You can get the data on both country of origin and host country in the downloadable spreadsheet.

Download the data

• DATA: download the full spreadsheet

More open data

Data journalism and data visualisations from the Guardian

Development and aid data

• Search the world's global development data with our gateway

Can you do more with this data?

• Contact us at data@guardian.co.uk

• Follow us on Twitter
• Like us on Facebook

• Refugees
• United Nations
• Syria
• Afghanistan
• Iraq
• Pakistan
• Somalia
• Aid

Ami Sedghi
guardian.co.uk © 2013 Guardian News and Media Limited or its affiliated companies. All rights reserved. | Use of this content is subject to our Terms & Conditions | More Feeds

re:log [opendatacity.de] by German data designers OpenDataCity reveals the movements of about 6,700 different electronic devices during re:publica 2013, a prestigious European conference on the topic of Digital Society.

A dynamic map of the conference location shows the approximate locations of the devices when they were connected to the local WiFi hotspots. An interactive timeline underneath allows to explore the dynamic changes over time, while a rectangular area can be drawn to more specifically highlight and follow a smaller amount of dots.

The visualization was based on tracking the MAC addresses of the devices according to the WiFi hotspot they were connected to. This data, which can be downloaded, was fully anonymized, yet the authors mention their desire to allow people to look up their own MAC address in the future.

Map Stack [stamen.com] by Stamen Design aims to make it radically simpler for lay people to design completely unique, personalized maps.

The online visual map design service provides easy access to the color, opacity and brightness of any map background, road, label, or satellite imagery. Users can also create custom-made image overlays and layer effects, or layers that are used as cut-out masks for other layers.

Currently, the default styles include minimalistic black/white, watercolor or 3D-like terrain, which can all be freely changed and fine-tuned.

Our feelings of financial security (or lack thereof) reveal much more than how gloomy we are - they're a key economic indicator. Now, data from NatCen shows big differences between young and old people's perceptions about their personal finances

Get the data
Read commentary from Paul Johnson here

Last week saw the release of statistics on households below average income - in other words, poverty data. This provides critical information about who are the most economically vulnerable, but it fails to capture who feels the most economically vulnerable in British society.

Those feelings don't just affect mental health and voting patterns, they also have concrete economic consequences. When people feel financially secure, they spend more, and that can help boost the economy. Consumer confidence is therefore something that economists and policy makers watch closely.

It's reciprocal of course - when economic performance is bad, consumer confidence is low - but you can separate out the two concepts. Not everyone can accurately judge the state of the economy so their personal feelings might not mirror national performance. So how has economic news affected us lately?

Data from NatCen has drawn together various surveys that ask UK households how they feel about their finances. Unsurprisingly, since 2007, a greater proportion of people report they are 'finding it difficult' or 'finding it very difficult' when asked how they are managing financially.

It's also perhaps not surprising that those responses have risen the fastest for those in the 'unemployed' and 'long-term sick and disabled' categories. What does however stand out from these numbers is just how insulated pensioners appear to feel from the financial crisis that began in 2007.

In 2007, 41% of pensioners said they were 'living comfortably' compared to 28% of families with children, 27% of 16-24 year olds and just 14% of the unemployed offering the same response. By 2011, 39% of pensioners said the same - a fall of just 2% since the start of the crisis. But for other groups, the decline has been far more dramatic - 11% of those with a long-term sickness or disability said they were living comfortably in 2007 but just 5% said the same in 2011.

Dr Matt Barnes, Research Director of NatCen who pulled together the research said:

The evidence suggests that the recession has had a larger impact on some groups rather than others

Optimism

Despite the fact that they appear more insulated, pensioners appear to be the most pessimistic group about their future finances. When asked how they feel their financial situation might differ a year from now, pensioners are the most likely group to respond 'worse off'.

Perhaps those fears, together with the fact that pensioners represent key voters mean that austerity measures targetted at them are often dubbed 'political suicide'. It should also be noted that pensioners often experience other types of vulnerability and though as a group they may not feel so deeply affected by the crisis, there are still 1.8 million of them living in poverty according to Age UK.

Download the data

• DATA: download the full spreadsheet

Can you do more with this data?

• Contact us at data@guardian.co.uk

• Follow us on Twitter
• Like us on Facebook

More open data

Data journalism and data visualisations from the Guardian

Development and aid data

• Search the world's global development data with our gateway

• Poverty
• Financial crisis
• Family finances

Mona Chalabi
guardian.co.uk © 2013 Guardian News and Media Limited or its affiliated companies. All rights reserved. | Use of this content is subject to our Terms & Conditions | More Feeds

Cartographer Andy Woodruff has made a stylised map of bus speeds in Boston, MA, using GPS data from the Massachusetts Bay Transport Authority and NextBus

John Burn-Murdoch

The Guardian's James Ball and The Times social media editor Nick Petrie will be among the judges evaluating the data interactive category in the Guardian's annual Student Media Awards

It allows audiences to find stories for themselves, gives context to disconnected anecdotes and, according to Tim Berners-Lee, it's the future of journalism. So it was only a matter of time until the Guardian added a data interactive category to its prestigious Student Media Awards.

This year, the prize will go to someone who can turn masses of information into something that speaks clearly and shines visually. If you're interested in data journalism, but daunted by the sophistication of some of technical skills needed, don't be. Some of the best interactives are the simplest ones and it doesn't take years of Excel training or html coding to produce them.

If you're a newbie, you can start off by watching videos and reading notes for free from the University of California, Berkeley here. You can also try getting together with a group of people where your combined skills can produce something amazing through meetups like Hacks/Hackers.

It might be a Google Map, a Tableau chart or even a clickable animation - but the data you use matters as much as the visualisation. You can find numbers that bring an existing news story to life or find a story in the spreadsheet. We're all about open journalism though, so it's important that your entry includes the original data you used to write the piece (in .csv, .xls, .kml or any other machine readable format).

The closing date for all entries is 28 June, other useful information about the competition is available here. Best of luck, we look forward to receiving your entries.

• Data journalism
• Student media awards

Mona Chalabi
guardian.co.uk © 2013 Guardian News and Media Limited or its affiliated companies. All rights reserved. | Use of this content is subject to our Terms & Conditions | More Feeds

Employers are looking for cooks more than any other profession under the 457 skilled visa scheme

The workers most in demand under the 457 skilled visa program aren't mining engineers or doctors, but cooks.

As the Labor party tussles with lobby groups over the future of the 457 visa program, it's worth taking a look at the numbers involved in the migration scheme.

There has been a steady increase in workers on 457s since mid 2009, according to statistics reported by the immigration department. As of April this year, there were 108,810 workers on 457 visas in Australia. This is up 20% over the same time last year, and 3% over the previous month.

The bulk of 457 workers are in the service industry or construction. The largest industry type is the mysteriously named 'other services', which has 6820 approved applications as of April. The Australian and New Zealand Standard Industrial Classification says occupations in this category include health and beauty services, electrical and automotive repair services and religious services to name but a few.

Construction is the next largest employer, at 6680. Mining, somewhat surprisingly, is seventh down the list.

The actual occupation in most demand is cooks. Cooks are up almost 100% year on year, and have the highest number of applications granted. Customer service managers have had the largest overall increase, up 214.9% year on year.

Mining however does seem to influence the distribution of workers by states and territories. Although NSW is the state with the largest proportion of 457 visas, the mining-heavy state of WA has 21.1% of the total. This is despite WA having only 10.8% of Australia's population.

Workers on 457s aren't badly paid, either. The overall average wage is $89,300, with the highest industry average of in mining at $140,400, and the lowest of $55,000 in accommodation and food services. This is compared to the current average wage of about $72,500 in Australia.

• Australia

Nick Evershed
guardian.co.uk © 2013 Guardian News and Media Limited or its affiliated companies. All rights reserved. | Use of this content is subject to our Terms & Conditions | More Feeds

New crime statistics show the Northern Territory leads Australia in murder rate and assaults

The Northern Territory is the murder capital of Australia, according to new crime statistics.

The state and territory breakdown of Recorded Crime - Victims from the Australian Bureau of Statistics shows the Northern Territory has the highest rate of murder at 7.7 per 100,000 people. This is over three times greater than the next highest state.

The Northern Territory also leads the country in the rate of assaults per person, again over three times higher than the next highest state. Figures for Victoria, Tasmania, and the ACT are not available due to the way data is reported from these states and territories.

For Australia as a whole the rate of murder victims per 100,00 has increased slightly by 0.1 year on year, sexual assault by 2.2, armed robbery by 0.3, and blackmail/extortion by 0.2.

Attempted murder is down by 0.1, kidnapping/abduction by 0.2, and unarmed robbery by 3.4. Longer term trends are harder to determine as the Bureau of Statistics advises that data prior to 2010 was collected using different classifications, so is not strictly comparable.

However here's what the trend looked like up until 2009:

Crimes such as murder and assault are still more likely to occur in a home than anywhere else, with the vast majority occurring at a residential property.

In the Northern Territory, Indigenous people continue to be overrepresented in assault statistics. There were 130 Indigenous victims of sexual assault in 2012 in comparison to 153 non-Indigenous victims. This is despite only 30% of the Northern Territory population being of Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander background.

The Northern Territory police and the department of the Attorney-General and Justice both declined to comment on the statistics.

• Australia

Nick Evershed
guardian.co.uk © 2013 Guardian News and Media Limited or its affiliated companies. All rights reserved. | Use of this content is subject to our Terms & Conditions | More Feeds

In this striking infographic James Ball and Valentina D'Efilippo visualise the relative size of different countries' armies

James Ball

Latest NHS figures show that the number of patients going to accident and emergency departments has hit an all-time high. See how the data breaks down by age, waiting time and deprivation
• Get the data
• More data journalism and data visualisations from the Guardian

Attendances to accident and emergency (A&E) have hit a record high with 21.739m patients in the first 11 months of 2012-13, according to the latest NHS statistics.

The release today from the Health and Social Care Information Centre (HSCIC) shows that the number of patients going to A&E has been increasing over the past eight years, from 17.837m in 2004-05 to 21.739m in the first 11 months of 2012-13. Health correspondent Denis Campbell writes:

Figures released by the NHS's Health and Social Care Information Centre (HSCIC) depict a relentless rise in A&E attendances, but with a notably large jump occurring between 2011-12 (21.481m) and 2012-13 (21.739m after 11 months). The figures cast serious doubt on health secretary Jeremy Hunt's recent claims that the rise in A&E attendances was due to Labour's "historic mistake" in 2004 of letting GPs no longer be responsible for providing out-of-hours care.

The ageing population, and the fact that growing numbers of older people are suffering from one or more long-term illnesses, such as diabetes and breathing problems, are key factors in the ongoing surge.

If you've ever wondered when the busiest time is in A&E or what age group accounts for the highest number of patients, then this release is filled with just the details you were looking for. Below are some of the figures we've picked out of the report. You can access the full data by using the downloadable spreadsheet below.

Most patients arrive at 11am

There's been a rise in the number of people number of people aged 60-79 and 80+ attending A&E

96.7% of recent attendances were concluded in 4 hours or less - the NHS target is 95% - according to latest weekly data

The most deprived make up the biggest percentage of A&E attendances

The number of doctors working in emergency departments in England has increased by 71% over the past decade

You can find the full data behind this release in the downloadable spreadsheet.

Download the data

• DATA: download the full spreadsheet

More open data

Data journalism and data visualisations from the Guardian

Development and aid data

• Search the world's global development data with our gateway

Can you do more with this data?

• Contact us at data@guardian.co.uk

• Follow us on Twitter
• Like us on Facebook

• Health
• Hospitals
• Doctors
• Emergency services

Ami Sedghi
guardian.co.uk © 2013 Guardian News and Media Limited or its affiliated companies. All rights reserved. | Use of this content is subject to our Terms & Conditions | More Feeds

In the UK, mothers figure prominently in debates about single parenthood. We wanted to find out if the focus on women is proportional to the numbers.
• Get the data
• More data on gender equality from the Guardian

A reform this year could see separated fathers in the UK gaining the legal right to see their children. The new clause in the draft Children and Families Bill on 'shared parenting' attempts to address criticisms that fathers' access rights have long been overlooked. But how is fatherhood in the UK changing?

Father-headed households

400,000 families were headed by lone fathers in 2012, representing 13.5% of all single-parent households in the UK according to the Office for National Statistics (ONS). With an average family size of 2.32, that figure represents 927,000 people in the UK.

Families headed by lone-women tend to be slightly larger meaning that 6.7 million people were part of a household headed by a mother in 2012. The number of families headed by one parent has risen considerably since 1999 from 2.5 million to almost 3 million last year.

Dependent and non-dependent children

Over 70% of lone-mother families have had dependent children every year since 1996. By contrast, households headed by lone fathers tend to have equal numbers of dependent and non-dependent children. Non-dependent children are defined as those living with their parent(s), and either aged 19 or over, or aged 16-18 who are not in full-time education or who have a spouse, partner or child living in the household.

This may suggest that fathers of dependent children (those aged under 16 or 16-18 in full-time education) are less likely to gain access to their children following separation or divorce. The fact that lone father households consistently have a higher proportion of non-dependent children may also indicate the preferences of older children who are freer to choose who to live with.

According to the most recent ONS General Lifestyle Survey, of all stepfamilies with dependent children, 78% are from the woman's previous marriage or cohabitation, 18% are from the man's, and just 4% of stepfamilies have dependent children from both partners' previous relationships.

Impact

In a letter to the Justice Select Committee, the minister for children and families stated "it is vital that both mothers and fathers feel confident that the court will consider fully the benefits of their involvement". Edward Timpson MP went on to argue that "this is best achieved by introducing a presumption in law that a child's welfare in furthered by involvement of both parents".

Welcomed as "a very positive move" by some groups such as Families Need Fathers, legal experts remain skeptical about the reform. It has been clear from the outset that the "legislative change does not give or imply the creation of any rights to equal time, or that there is any prescribed notion of how much time is appropriate".

The chairman of the Justice Select Committee, Sir Alan Beith stated that the committee was "extremely concerned" that the reform might not be in a child's best interests. A report by the Family Justice Review in 2011 also pointed to Australia where a similar reform in 2006 led to confusion and, more damagingly, an increase in litigation.

Download the data

• DATA: download the full spreadsheet

NEW! Buy our book

• Facts are Sacred: the power of data

More open data

Data journalism and data visualisations from the Guardian

World government data

• Search the world's government data with our gateway

Development and aid data

• Search the world's global development data with our gateway

Can you do something with this data?

• Flickr Please post your visualisations and mash-ups on our Flickr group
• Contact us at data@guardian.co.uk

• Get the A-Z of data
• More at the Datastore directory
• Follow us on Twitter
• Like us on Facebook

• Office for National Statistics
• Father's Day
• Gender
• Family
• Family finances

Mona Chalabi
guardian.co.uk © 2013 Guardian News and Media Limited or its affiliated companies. All rights reserved. | Use of this content is subject to our Terms & Conditions | More Feeds

Numbers and PDFs are not the best of friends. So it takes a certain amount of time and commitment to extract valuable data on arms exports from EU portable document formats (PDFs). A campaign group has however dug out the numbers on EU exports of weaponry and other military hardware - and broken it down by source and destination country, year, and type of goods. The result is an interactive anyone can use

Mona Chalabi

Inattentional and change blindness are two fascinating phenomena that more people should be aware of. The Invisible Gorilla describes them as well as some other interesting and surprising psychological research.

This book has been out for over three years, and I’ve been meaning to write a review forever. What brought it back to my attention is a recent news story on the safety implications of voice-controlled systems in cars. Just because your hands are on the steering wheel and your eyes on the road doesn’t mean your attention is anywhere near.

Attention is a key element in our cognition, but it is only poorly understood. Christopher Chabris and Daniel Simons have done some of the ground-breaking work in this area, in particular about inattentional blindness and change blindness. Both phenomena have highly entertaining experiments at their basis.

The Selective Attention Test that the book gets its title from asks people to count the number of times one of two ball-playing teams passes the ball. After a minute, a guy in a gorilla suit walks through the scene. Most people are so focused on the task that they don’t see the gorilla. The Door Study is even more bizarre: an experimenter asks a stranger for directions in the street. Two workers appear with a door that they carry between the two people. The workers are part of the experiment, and as the door passes between the two people, the experimenter is replaced. A large number of people do not notice the change – and if they do, they don’t seem to be concerned that they’re suddenly talking to a different person.

The Invisible Gorilla also covers Other Ways Our Intuitions Deceive Us, as the subtitle promises. It is all written well, based on little stories and with references to relevant research papers. There is some overlap with Daniel Kahneman’s fantastic book, Thinking, Fast and Slow, though they nicely complement each other (Kahneman’s book was published a year later and references Chabris and Simons’ work).

Regarding cell phones and other tasks, Chabris and Simons describe a study from 2003:

To explore the effects of cell phone conversations on inattention directly, Brian Scholl and his students at Yale used a variant of the “red gorilla” computerized task described earlier and compared a group who performed the task as usual with one that performed it while simultaneously carrying on a cell phone conversation. In their particular variant of the task, about 30 percent of the participants missed the unexpected object when they were just doing the tracking task. However, participants who performed the task while talking on a phone missed the unexpected object 90 percent of the time!

People want to be increasingly connected, but their ability to attend to all that information does not change. Chabris and Simons’ work is becoming more relevant as the number of distractions increases.

Making sense of the recent spate of child sex abuse revelations has to begin with the context of numbers. But those statistics are incredibly hard to find

Because data on sexual offences is extremely important, the Ministry of Justice, the Home Office and the Office for National Statistics announced in September last year that they would publish a joint statistical bulletin. Because data on sexual offences is extremely difficult to find and verify, not to mention sensitive, they had to announce in November that those statistics would not be ready on time.

When the numbers finally were published in January this year, the report was 'structured to highlight: the victim experience; the police role in recording and detecting the crimes; how the various criminal justice agencies deal with an offender once identified; and the criminal histories of sex offenders."

The release was quite detailed (we summarised it here) and showed that 19.6% of females and 2.7% of males had been victim to a sexual offence or attempted offence.

Useful statistics? That depends. They only cover 16-59 year olds. However, as the recent spate of allegations - from Jimmy Saville to claims about Max Clifford and other entertainers - demonstrates, victims of sexual offences are not always adults.

The government response to the Stern review (established to investigate how rape complaints are handled by public authorities) stated that "38 per cent of all rapes recorded by the police are committed against children under 16 years of age".

Is that a sufficient amount of detail? Often, you only get what you're looking for with data - unless you ask the right questions, certain trends will remain hidden. Tragically, child sexual abuse could well be one of them.

21,493 sexual offences against children were recorded in 2011/2012. The data, which doesn't include those aged 16 and 17, is police-recorded and therefore doesn't reflect the number of offences committed - but is instead likely to change in response to variables like police activity and public awareness.

What's more, unlike sexual offences against adults, this data isn't published in a UK-wide release. Instead, there is a country-specific breakdown. In England and Wales for example, 17,362 sexual offences against children, of which 2,213 were the rape of a girl aged under 13 and 601 were the rape of a boy under 13. This offers an extremely vague guide as to which children are most at risk.

The 'under 13' and 'under 16' age categories, (identified by the NSPCC as being of limited value) are also used by the UK authorities to gather statistics on sexual offence sentencing. Data on convictions also lacks detail. The quarterly release from the Ministry of Justice does not differentiate between children and adults in its statistics on rape convictions.

Local authorities publish numbers about their child protection registers, a record of those "assessed as being at ongoing risk of harm". One category of risk includes sexual harm but this is sometimes recorded as zero - a result which is possibly attributable to differences between local authorities in terms of their training, resources and methods.

In the absence of nationwide official public statistics on this, and while fear and shame make many victims deeply reluctant to record offences with authorities, self-reporting is key. An NSPCC survey found that nearly one in 20 young people aged 11 to 17 (4.8%) have experienced contact sexual abuse. This rate is higher for girls (7%) than boys (2.6%).

Childline, a free 24-hour helpline for children and young people, reported in 2011/12 that 5% of all counselling sessions were regarding sexual abuse. Strikingly, that 5% represents 15,993 counselling sessions.

Too often, data categories are framed by out-dated notions. If you're in any doubt about that try looking for official statistics about child-on-child sexual abuse or about domestic abuse in non-heterosexual relationships. When we're confronted with article after article (after article) exposing accusations, convictions and sentencing of sexual abuse against children, neglecting this in the official UK statistics becomes harder to justify.

Have we missed anything? Do you know of a reliable dataset on child sexual abuse in the UK? Please let us know by posting a comment below or via Twitter @MonaChalabi or @GuardianData

• Child protection
• Crime

Mona Chalabi
guardian.co.uk © 2013 Guardian News and Media Limited or its affiliated companies. All rights reserved. | Use of this content is subject to our Terms & Conditions | More Feeds

The full breakdown on the methods and data used to create the interactive map of detention centre incidents

To put together our interactive on incidents in detention centres we had to make a few decisions on how to present the data. Here's the full breakdown of the methods involved.

Datasets:

All the incident information came from a document released under a freedom of information request, which was then cleaned up and put into a database by the Detention Logs team.

The population figures came from the Joint Select Committee on Australia's Immigration Detention Network. Using these numbers, we calculated the average monthly population at each centre and then used this to determine the incident rates per person at each centre.

Location data:

• Excluded Virginia Palms Motel from map due to low incident count
• Excluded Jandakot APOD from map due to low incident count
• Merged Leonora APOD, Leonora Lodge, and Gwalia Lodge
• Merged all Christmas Island centres into one category to match population data and reduce inaccuracies due to inconsistent classifications in the original data. This includes Phosphate Hill APOD, Lilac Aqua, North West Point Immigration facility, and Construction Camp APOD
• No rates available for first months of Inverbrackie APOD and Leonora APOD due to discrepancy between population and incident figures

Population data:

• No population figures for December 2009, used November 2009 as nearest
• No population figures for July 2010, used June 2010 as nearest

Incident data for interactive bar chart:

• Merged assault - minor, assault not OBH (occasioning bodily harm), and assault - serious into assaults
• Merged barricade/sit-In, demonstration - offsite, demonstration - onsite, and riot into demonstrations and riots
• Merged voluntary starvation (less than 24 hrs), voluntary starvation ( over 24 hrs) and voluntary starvation by minor into voluntary starvation
• Merged disturbance - major and disturbance - minor into disturbances
• Merged escape, escape - attempted and escape - mass breakout into escapes
• Merged self harm - actual, self harm - threatened, and self harm - attempted serious into self harm - actual/threatened
• Merged use of force, use of observation room > 24 hrs, use of restraints, use of restraints - unplanned into force, observation or restraints

guardian.co.uk © 2013 Guardian News and Media Limited or its affiliated companies. All rights reserved. | Use of this content is subject to our Terms & Conditions | More Feeds

See when and where security incidents in detention centres occured between October 2009 and May 2011.

Nick Evershed

UK map shows areas where GPs are most, or least, likely to prescribe antibiotics to patients

• More data journalism and data visualisations from the Guardian

It matters how often GPs prescribe antibiotics to patients because of the increasing danger posed to general public health by the growing resistance some infections are showing to many established types of antibiotics.

Here, for the first time, is a map which shows the areas where GPs are most, or least, likely to give a patient a prescription for antibiotics. The map, drawn up by James Ambler of the firm Moor Consulting, uses a variety of NHS data sources to show which areas in 2012 handed out the most and fewest prescriptions.

The area which prescribed antibiotics the most was where local health services have been commissioned since April by the Newcastle West clinical commissioning group (CCG). The incidence rate of prescribing by GP surgeries there was 8.4%. That is, across the year on average, one in 12 patients was given antibiotics, though Ambler's dataset shows that the rate was 1 in 11 in several months and one in 14 months in September.

By contrast, GP practices in Camden, north London, prescribed antibiotics the least. Throughout 2012 their incidence rate was just 4%, roughly 1 in 25 of their population.

However, the percentage figures for Camden, Newcastle West and every part of England are not absolutely exact when expressed as proportions of local people because some patients will receive several lots of antibiotics but the NHS's data collection system only tracks "items" – packets of tablets – and not how many different people received them.

The data shows that Newcastle West is way above the national average of 6.39%, and Camden way below it. These percentages, or incidence rates, have emerged from Ambler dividing the number of units prescribed by the number of patients listed per GP practice.

Readers keen to know whether their own GP practice is a high or low prescriber of antibiotics – in medical terms the lower the better, as a general rule – can use the dropdown menu on the right to identify the area they live in and then find their own surgery and check its incidence rate.

There is a pronounced north/south divide on this, with northern GPs much more likely to prescribe antibiotics than their southern counterparts. Ambler's research shows that 69% of northern CCG areas prescribe more than the national average, compared with 39% of southern ones.

But it is a mixed picture. GPs in South Worcestershire CCG area, a southern one under Ambler's calculations, had a prescribing incidence rate of 8.1%, which is close to that of Newcastle West. Similarly, some northen CCGs, such as Southern Derbyshire, Erewash and Rushcliffe, are all on 5.3%, well below the national average.

What is worrying is the wide differences in prescribing rates this research has unveiled. Keith Ridge, NHS England's chief pharmaceutical officer, calls it "inappropriate variation". In simple terms, that means too many GPs in too many places are handing out too many antibiotics too often.

However, Dame Sally Davies, England's chief medical officer, says: "It has long been accepted that there will always be some valid variation in prescribing due to differing resistance patterns to different antibiotics in different areas of the country."

London is the region where patients are least likely to be prescribed antibiotics. CCGs there had an average incidence rate of 5.4% in 2012, a lot lower than the 6.6% seen in the rest of England.

More open data

Data journalism and data visualisations from the Guardian

Development and aid data

• Search the world's global development data with our gateway

Can you do more with this data?

• Contact us at data@guardian.co.uk

• Follow us on Twitter
• Like us on Facebook

• Antibiotics
• Health
• NHS
• Medical research
• Drugs
• G8

James BallDenis CampbellLeo Hickman
guardian.co.uk © 2013 Guardian News and Media Limited or its affiliated companies. All rights reserved. | Use of this content is subject to our Terms & Conditions | More Feeds

The Global Peace Index for 2013 shows how world peace has changed over time - unsurprisingly, the violent conflict in Syria has had a big impact on the findings

• Get the data

The world has become a less peaceful place according to the Institute for Economics and Peace. In their annual report, the Global Peace Index, they rank 162 countries by measuring security in society, the extent of conflict and the degree of militarisation. This year's report reinforces a longer term pattern they have noted: since 2008 levels of peace have fallen by 5%.

Their findings are not altogether bleak. While the number and intensity of internal conflicts has risen in recent years, hostility between states has fallen. Overall, they found that 110 states have become less peaceful and that 48 have become more so.

Despite financial turmoil of recent years, Iceland has topped the list, thanks largely to its political stability, low homicide rate and small prison population. The top of the list was littered with Western European nations that have long been peaceful; Denmark, Austria, Switzerland, Finland, Sweden and Belgium all made it to the top 10. In 6th place, with stringent laws on possession of firearms and good neighbourly relations, is Japan.

At the other extreme, Afghanistan continues to languish in 162nd position despite the drop in the number of people killed as a result of internal conflict, refugees and displaced people. The country fared particularly badly on the 'political terror scale' - an indicator that uses Amnesty International and the US Department of State's Country Reports on Human Rights Practices to evaluate levels of political violence and terror.

Somalia narrowly beat Syria to 161st place in this year's table. Other countries that were considered amongst the most violent and unstable were Iraq, Sudan, Pakistan and, less frequently cited, Russia. Several of these countries were also characterised by high levels of bloodshed within their territories.

Most changed

This year is the seventh that the Global Peace Index have published this analysis, and Syria stands apart as the most radically changed country during that time with a score that has plummeted by 70% since 2008. Côte d'Ivoire which has experienced heightened violence since its president was ousted from power, as well as Burkina Faso, where the army has gone on a series of destructive rampages, are two other countries that have seen severe deteriorations in peacefulness.

Meanwhile, Libya has moved up three places in the global rankings as the tumult of the revolution is beginning to subside. Chad also continues to witness improvements after the end of its civil war in 2010, and has moved up four places as a result.

Methodology

In an attempt to draw together the multitude of valuable studies on global violence, the Institute for Economics and Peace has used a wide-ranging definition. This includes both positive measures of peace (institutional capacity and resilience) as well as negative peace, famously defined by Johan Galtung as 'the absence of violence or fear of violence'.

Countries are given scores on 22 indicators that measure internal peace (e.g. levels of perceived criminality, number of police per 100,000 people and level of organised crime) as well as external peace indicators (these include military expenditure as a % of GDP and nuclear weapons capabilities).

Looking at this micro-level of data, important international changes emerge. For example, over the past five years UN peacekeeping contributions have increased and the number of homicides per 100,000 people has fallen dramatically. However small arms and light weapons have become more accessible and the capability of nuclear and heavy weapons has continued to grow, suggesting that many countries remain unwilling to demilitarise.

Cost of conflict

The report also counts the cost of violence to the global economy - and the sums are far from trivial. They estimate that the economic impact of containing violence cost $9.46 trillion in 2012, equivalent to 11% of global GDP.

The report adds:

Were the world to reduce its expenditure on violence by approximately 50 per cent it could repay the debt of the developing world ($4076bn), provide enough money for the European stability mechanism, ($900bn) and fund the additional amount required to achieve the annual cost of the Millennium Development Goals.

It seems that while patterns of peace continue to shift around the world, the key trend is one where the biggest threats exist within, rather than outside, a country's borders. Despite that, most countries appear unwilling to relinquish their capabilities to combat violence from abroad.

See this year's rankings and scores below. There's a link below to data for each of the previous years so you can explore changes for each country.

Download the data

• DATA: download the full spreadsheet

More open data

Data journalism and data visualisations from the Guardian

Development and aid data

• Search the world's global development data with our gateway

Can you do more with this data?

• Contact us at data@guardian.co.uk

• Follow us on Twitter
• Like us on Facebook

• Conflict and development
• Military
• Iraq
• Somalia
• Afghanistan
• Syria

Mona Chalabi
guardian.co.uk © 2013 Guardian News and Media Limited or its affiliated companies. All rights reserved. | Use of this content is subject to our Terms & Conditions | More Feeds

Government departments and agencies accessed metadata from phone calls and internet use 293,501 times in 2011-12

Forty one government departments and agencies - from police forces to the RSPCA - accessed metadata from Australians' phone calls and internet use 293,501 times in 2011-12, the Telecommunications (interceptions and access) act annual report reveals.

The act allows organisations to apply for access to 'existing information or documents' which can include details of phone calls (but not the contents of the call) and internet access details such as subscribers' personal information, and dates and times of internet usage.

Police forces were the heaviest users - with the NSW police alone making 103,824 requests - almost three times more than they accessed the information the previous year. This is a massive 35% of all requests made in the 2011-12 financial year.

Overall, authorisations of this type are on the increase, with a 20% year-on-year increase from the 2010-11 financial year to the 2011-2012 financial year.

The non-police organisation with the most number of authorisations to access data was the Queensland Crime and Misconduct Commission, at 7040.

The Customs Service accessed data 5,197 times and some government departments were also heavy users, including the tax office, the WA department of commerce and the Victorian department of primary industries. The RSPCA accessed data 63 times through branches in Victoria, Tasmania and Queensland.

The Victorian Taxi Directorate, which regulates the taxi industry in Victoria, accessed data 18 times in 2010-2011.

The use of metadata was already well established in 2009-2010, when the report records it was accessed 243,631 times. There is no judicial oversight or requirement that law enforcers prove a suspicion of a crime being committed in order to get permission to access this data, and the Greens are introducing a bill to change this.

Here's the full list, sorted by the 2011-2012 financial year (or get it here):

See anything interesting? Let us know in the comments.

• Australia
• Internet
• Privacy
• Surveillance

Lenore TaylorNick Evershed
guardian.co.uk © 2013 Guardian News and Media Limited or its affiliated companies. All rights reserved. | Use of this content is subject to our Terms & Conditions | More Feeds